State Medical Bill Rights & Protections

Know your rights when dealing with medical bills. Each state has different protections for surprise billing, debt collection limits, financial assistance requirements, and consumer safeguards. Federal laws provide baseline protections, but many states offer additional safeguards.

Federal Protections (All States)

✓ No Surprises Act

Protects against balance billing for emergency care and certain services

✓ Credit Reporting Rules

Medical debt under $500 cannot be reported; 365-day waiting period for larger debts

✓ Hospital Charity Care

Nonprofit hospitals must offer financial assistance and screen patients

✓ Price Transparency

Hospitals must publish price lists and provide good faith estimates

State-Specific Protections

Texas

Strong consumer protections
View Rights
No Surprises Act protections for emergency care
365-day credit reporting protection for medical debt
Hospital charity care requirements for nonprofits
Limited wage garnishment for medical debt

California

Most comprehensive protectionsComing Soon
Coming Soon
Comprehensive surprise billing protections
Aggressive debt collection restrictions
Hospital transparency requirements
Enhanced charity care mandates

Florida

Growing patient protectionsComing Soon
Coming Soon
Federal protections plus state supplements
Hospital financial assistance requirements
Medical debt collection limitations
Patient billing transparency rules

New York

Comprehensive coverageComing Soon
Coming Soon
Strong surprise billing laws
Extensive charity care requirements
Debt collection restrictions
Financial assistance screening mandates

What These Guides Cover

Surprise Billing

When you're protected from unexpected out-of-network bills and how to dispute them.

Financial Assistance

Hospital charity care requirements, eligibility thresholds, and application processes.

Debt Protection

Collection limits, credit reporting rules, wage garnishment protections, and complaint options.

How to Use These State Guides

When You Receive a Medical Bill:

  • • Check your state guide for specific protections and rights
  • • Verify if the bill qualifies for surprise billing protections
  • • Review financial assistance requirements if you need help paying
  • • Know your timeline limits for disputes and applications

For Debt Collection Issues:

  • • Understand credit reporting protections in your state
  • • Know wage garnishment limits and exemptions
  • • Find state agencies to file complaints with collectors
  • • Get contact information for consumer protection offices

Don't See Your State?

We're continuously adding state-specific guides. Remember that federal protections apply everywhere, and many strategies work regardless of state:

Disclaimer: State laws change frequently and this information is for educational purposes only. Always verify current laws and regulations with official state sources or consult with a qualified attorney for specific legal guidance. CareRoute does not provide legal services.